經過多年的計劃，以太坊一年多以來最大的更新 Dencun 終于在周三到來。

這被視為一件好事。

但也許并非普遍如此。

Proto-danksharding 是 Dencun 更新（兩個同時更新的組合：“Deneb”和“Cancun”）帶來的主要變化，標志著以太坊在“分片”道路上邁出了第一步，“分片”是一種通過以下方式增加鏈交易能力的方法：為其眾所周知的區塊鏈高速公路添加新車道。

該功能專門旨在降低第 2 層“匯總”網絡的費用 - Optimism、Arbitrum 和 Coinbase 的 Base 網絡等鏈運行在以太坊之上，讓用戶能夠在不完全離開生態系統的情況下進行廉價交易。

雖然許多開發者都在慶祝 Dencun 加速以太坊提高可負擔性的潛力，但其他人擔心它有可能讓生態系統走上一條從長遠來看可能會反噬的道路。

“Dencun 升級是以太坊對更大可擴展性明確需求的回應，”開發區塊鏈基礎設施的 Core DAO 的初始貢獻者 Rich Rines 在給 CoinDesk 的消息中表示。

通過 Dencun，以太坊“專注于增強第 2 層解決方案”，但“這是否是一個長期解決方案仍然存在疑問?！?/p>

原始丹麥分片

以太坊的費用比許多競爭網絡更高，因此一直舉步維艱。

Dencun 沒有采取太多措施來解決這個問題——至少沒有直接解決。

加密貨幣投資公司 Galaxy Digital 研究副總裁 Christine Kim 告訴 CoinDesk：“以太坊不打算降低用戶的費用，這是人們需要理解的現實。”

該網絡的聯合創始人 Vitalik Buterin 并沒有降低以太坊的 Gas 費用（這可能需要數年的時間來計劃和實施），而是一直是推動網絡走向“以 Rollup 為中心”的路線圖的主要聲音之一，該路線圖將擴展的責任放在首位主要進入第三方第二層網絡。

Proto-danksharding is the first big step towards this vision – optimizing the network to better accommodate rollups, which have steadily grown to surpass Ethereum in overall transaction volume. The feature works by introducing "blobs," which are a new data structure that layer-2 rollups can use to post data back to the base Ethereum chain.

"We're increasing supply significantly for exactly the type of data that rollups need, and also the type of data that's not really useful for any other applications on L1," explained the Ethereum Foundation's Tim Beiko, who leads Ethereum's biweekly "All Core Devs" calls and helped coordinate the Dencun upgrade. "This creates much more room for them to post their data, and therefore lowers the fees."

Fears of fragmentation

While pushing users towards cheaper layer-2s can help make the Ethereum ecosystem more accessible, some developers warn that embracing third-party networks could backfire – fragmenting the Ethereum ecosystem, and diluting its primary use-case as the premier blockchain "settlement layer."

"The natural outcome of wanting to push users from Ethereum to other L2s means that you are ceding your dominance as a general purpose platform for general purpose compute," said Kim. "You're saying that other protocols should do that responsibility of general purpose computation."

"While L2s are supposed to service the base layer, their proliferation may compete with the base layer for resources such as fees, developers, and liquidity," said Rines. "If the bulk of transactions take place on L2s, the economic incentives upholding the L1 may be diluted as validators’ fees evaporate. Furthermore, reliance on L2s could also fracture activity, weakening the cohesion and interoperability of the Ethereum ecosystem."

In the interview Tuesday, Beiko waved away the fragmentation concerns. Developer fragmentation, according to Beiko, is "more a feature than a bug." "Different people being able to deploy different types of rollups and experiment with that is hugely valuable," he said.

Ethereum rollup security

But there are also concerns with the security of rollups.

Whereas rollups are ultimately designed to "borrow" Ethereum's security apparatus – bundling up transactions from users, and then passing them down to the base chain with the same security guarantees – "L2s have varying designs, so any user who wants to access the full gamut of Ethereum use-cases may need to trust numerous different blockchain rulesets," said Rimes.

Not all layer-2 rulesets are created equal: Despite billions of dollars in transaction volumes, all of today's biggest rollups have "training wheels" – things like centralized sequencers or non-existent proof systems that rely on user trust to operate.

訓練輪有助于降低費用并保護用戶免受某些類型的錯誤的影響，但它們使匯總與去中心化和無需許可等關鍵的以太坊價值觀不一致。

Beiko 表示：“由于多種原因，今天的 Rollup 絕對不如以太坊 L1 安全。”

“作為一個社區，我們確實有責任對人們進行教育?！?/p>

隨著用戶越來越習慣在充滿妥協的第二層網絡上進行交易，人們擔心以太坊的去中心化純粹主義宣傳可能會失去影響力。

但根據 Beiko 的說法，向更便宜的網絡的轉變可能是不可避免的，而以太坊只是在適應現實。

“我不認為以太坊的角色決定了整個市場結構應該如何演變，”他說。

“我很高興為用戶提供了更多選擇。”

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