父母并不總是知道如何最有效地支持孩子的發展并幫助他們提高大腦的敏銳度。

好消息是，許多好的建議可以總結為一個目標：幫助他們盡可能多地采用成長心態。

當我們處于成長心態時，我們相信我們的學習能力是無限的。

相比之下，在我們的固定心態中，我們相信我們要么生來就具有某些才能和優勢，要么就沒有，對此我們無能為力。

因為我們都有兩種心態，并根據具體情況在這兩種心態之間切換，所以幫助孩子成功的第一方法就是鼓勵他們更多地接觸成長心態。

研究表明，它可以極大地改善他們的態度、參與度和績效。

以下五種方法可以幫助您的孩子培養成長型思維：

1.分享堅持的故事

有時，孩子們會因為自己的失敗或掙扎而感到尷尬，因為他們相信對成年人來說一切都很容易。

由于講故事是最有效的傳授課程的方式之一，因此您可以使用故事向他們展示事實并非如此，并教他們成長心態。

我的一個朋友有一個 8 歲的孩子，他有點完美主義傾向。

如果她沒有立即在學校獲得新材料，她就會變得灰心喪氣。

因此，我的一位作家朋友告訴她的女兒，她必須為每個項目進行多次草稿，不斷修改和改進她的作品。

女兒驚訝又欣慰地發現自己的媽媽也很辛苦！

這些類型的故事有助于讓孩子們正常化，并向他們展示幾乎任何值得做的事情通常都需要一些掙扎，尤其是在開始的時候。

2. 談談你最喜歡犯的錯誤

當我們擁有成長心態時，我們就不會害怕犯錯誤，因為我們不相信它們反映了我們與生俱來的能力。

相反，我們將失誤視為學習機會。

我很高興看到一位老師在課堂上使用一種工具來鼓勵成長型思維。

在一個名為“我最喜歡的錯誤”的大型墻上展示上，每個學生都分享了他們所犯的一個錯誤，以及它如何激勵他們的學習。

You can do a similar exercise at the dinner table. Ask everyone to share a recent misstep, along with how it made them feel and what they're learning from it. These can be light, fun conversations where we can laugh about our mistakes ("I definitely shouldn't have worn a white shirt to work because I ended up spilling lunch all over it!"), or a chance to recount more vulnerable moments ("I hurt someone's feelings today.").

Through these conversations, we can accept our mistakes and embrace what they have to teach us.

3. Remind your kids how far they've come

Kids often hyper-focus on the failure or struggle they're experiencing in the present moment, losing sight of the success they've had in the past.

If your child is feeling discouraged, remind them of the path they've taken and the obstacles they've overcome to get where they are now. For example: "Remember when you were having a hard time learning to read? Now you're reading entire chapter books on your own!"

You can pull out some old assignments, photos, or videos to illustrate how things that were once challenging for them are now a piece of cake.

Many kids — from toddlers to teens — love being reminded of what they were like when they were younger and how they've developed over time. This conversation also demonstrates your appreciation of them as individuals with their own growth trajectories.

4. Ask your kids where they need support

The simple act of checking in with your child helps you uncover if there's an area where they need extra support or assistance, whether it's practical help with math homework or a pep talk. For instance, ask them something like, "So, what challenges are you working with right now?"

Notice that this language normalizes the idea that at any given time, each of us is struggling with something. You could even lead by sharing something you're wrestling with, then ask them what they're facing.

Helping kids tap into their growth mindset isn't just about encouraging them to hang in there or try harder. It's about ensuring that they have the resources and support they need to be successful.

5. Make it fun

Shaping your family's mindset is a group effort, but it doesn't have to feel serious or heavy. For instance, one activity that can be both fun and effective is to engage the whole family in coming up with a slogan or mantra, such as "We love learning!" or "Go for growth!"

When we see learning and growing as enjoyable, we're more likely to want to do the work it takes to get there.

Mary C. Murphy 博士

是印第安納大學

斯坦福大學

想在 2024 年找到夢想的工作嗎？

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