父母經常擔心他們的孩子長大后如何適應這個世界。

他們長大后會快樂并適應良好的環境嗎？

他們會找到一份好工作并過上舒適的生活嗎？

每個孩子都是不同的，每個人都按照自己的節奏發展。

但事實證明，在培養成功的孩子方面，有些策略比其他策略更有效。

心理學家和其他育兒專家表示，父母可以通過以下五種方式幫助孩子為未來的成功做好準備。

將自信置于自尊之上

您可以互換使用“自信”和“自尊”。

但教育心理學家 Michele Borba 在 2022 年為 CNBC Make It 撰文稱，在養育一個成功的孩子方面，一個比另一個更重要。

自尊代表我們如何看待自己的整體。

自信反映了我們在特定情況下對自己能力的信心程度。

這兩個概念是相關的，但研究表明，自信是未來成功的更好指標，因為它有助于堅定孩子們的信念，即他們的技能和努力將帶來豐厚的成果——比如取得好成績或在體育運動中表現出色。

博爾巴寫道：“真正的自信是表現出色、面對障礙、創造解決方案并重新振作起來的結果。”

博爾巴指出，父母最好通過退后一步，讓孩子自己成功或失敗，而不是徘徊并試圖為他們解決孩子的問題，從而增強孩子的自信心。

這樣做可以幫助他們學會在失敗時重新振作，并相信自己最終會成功。

教導自我控制

研究表明，自我控制有助于決定未來的成功。

新西蘭奧塔哥大學研究人員進行的一項長達數十年的研究顯示，當孩子們學會忽略不必要的干擾并控制自己的情緒和行為時，他們通常會變得更聰明、更有動力。

作家兼心理學專家尼爾·埃亞爾 (Nir Eyal) 在 2019 年為 Make It 撰文稱：“保持注意力不集中是 21 世紀最重要的技能，而許多父母卻未能教會孩子這項技能。”

Eyal 建議盡早開始。

幼兒可以開始理解時間的概念，這意味著父母可以開始解釋預算時間以專注于重要的發展活動的重要性。

孩子們甚至可以通過玩耍來學習自我控制，包括“凍結標簽”和“紅燈、綠燈”等游戲。

給予他們自主權

兒童心理學家 Tovah Klein 博士去年告訴 Make It，自我激勵的能力是幫助孩子成長為成功成年人的兩個重要特征之一。

（另一個？信心。）

Establish expectations for your child, with their input, when it comes to everyday actions like getting themselves ready for school, choosing after-school activities and doing their chores, bestselling author and parenting expert Esther Wojcicki recommends.

"The more you trust your children to do things on their own, the more empowered they'll be," Wojcicki wrote for Make It in 2022.

Eyal also suggested using tactics like making "effort pacts" with their kids, where they commit to specific limits on tempting distractions — like a one-hour daily limit on screen time.

Don't stress over perfection

Wojcicki raised three successful children — a doctor and two high-profile CEOs — but she never demanded perfection from them. That made a big difference, she noted.

Give your children room to fail, treating their mistakes and setbacks with empathy rather than scorn, to help them maintain confidence while learning to view failures as learning opportunities, she advised.

"Mastery means doing something as many times as it takes to get it right ... It was the learning and the hard work that I wanted to reward, not getting it right the first time," she wrote.

Perfectionism doesn't make your child more likely to succeed in the future, and it can contribute to mental health issues like anxiety and low self-esteem, research shows.

You can teach your kids to reframe how they think about making mistakes by openly discussing errors you've made, how you've solved problems and what you learned in the process, Bryant University psychology professor Allison Butler told Make It in January.

Talk about financial literacy

It's never too early to teach your kids about money: how to earn it, spend it wisely and save it while planning for the future. Most U.S. students don't learn those lessons in school, which can cost them money as adults, according to a 2023 survey by the National Financial Educator's Council.

Parenting expert Margot Machol Bisnow interviewed the parents of 70 highly accomplished adults for her 2022 book, "Raising an Entrepreneur: How to Help Your Children Achieve Their Dreams." Teaching financial literacy was a common thread for those parents, she found.

"Although the parents I spoke to never pushed their kids towards pursuing a high-paying job, all of them made an effort to teach their kids about money in one form or another," Bisnow wrote for Make It in 2022. You could give kids an allowance and insist they save up their own money to spend on items they want, but don't necessarily need, like a new pair of roller skates, she noted.

You can also try talking to your kids about money in practical, "matter of fact" ways, like discussing how much everyday items cost, says Alexa von Tobel, the Harvard-trained investor and founder of online financial advisory LearnVest.

馮·托貝爾上個月告訴《Make It》，告訴你的孩子，金錢只不過是“幫助你過上你想要的生活的工具”。

“金錢不應該被崇拜。它也不應該被忽視。”

想在 2024 年找到夢想的工作嗎？

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另外，

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我借了 250 萬美元的貸款創辦了一個時尚品牌 - 現在它每年帶來 1 億美元的收入

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