Solana 網(wǎng)絡(luò)于世界標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時間 2 月 6 日上午 10:22 經(jīng)歷了嚴重中斷，區(qū)塊生產(chǎn)暫停了五個多小時，然后驗證器重新啟動了網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

這并不是 Solana 第一次宕機。

自 2022 年 1 月以來，Solana 已發(fā)生大約六次重大停機和十五天部分或重大停機。

來自整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的工程師正在調(diào)查主網(wǎng)測試版的中斷問題。

隨著更多信息的出現(xiàn)，此線程將被更新 https://t.co/rfeioQ6BG9

— Solana Status (@SolanaStatus) 2024 年 2 月 6 日

這些事件的嚴重程度各不相同，從部分網(wǎng)絡(luò)中斷到全部網(wǎng)絡(luò)中斷，其原因包括網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的軟件漏洞以及拒絕服務(wù)和資源耗盡攻擊。

尸檢

Solana 于 2 月 9 日發(fā)布了最近一次中斷的事后報告，詳細說明了其原因以及驗證器如何重新啟動網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

該報告顯示，Solana 的即時 (JIT) 編譯緩存遇到了該錯誤，該緩存會在執(zhí)行事務(wù)之前編譯所有程序。

早些時候，JIT 緩存是使用“ExecutorsCache”實現(xiàn)的，但是，在 v1.16 版本中，ExecutorsCache 被名為“LoadedPrograms”的新實現(xiàn)所取代。

新的加載程序使用存儲在程序鏈上帳戶中的會計信息來查找其最近的部署槽，并使用它來計算有效的槽高度。

然而，該加載程序遇到了遺留加載程序問題，導(dǎo)致 JIT 緩存遇到舊程序的循環(huán)，導(dǎo)致它重復(fù)重新編譯它們，而不是有效地訪問和執(zhí)行它們的指令。

這一故障導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)絡(luò)停滯，因為系統(tǒng)陷入無限循環(huán)，無法處理交易或繼續(xù)前進。

Solana 戰(zhàn)略主管 Austin Federa 告訴 Cointelegraph，有一個用新電機系統(tǒng)替換舊裝載機系統(tǒng)的過程，但計劃在更新版本中禁用它。

“看起來有人故意調(diào)用那個舊指令集，它已經(jīng)很長時間沒有使用了，但仍然存在于代碼庫中。

JIT 編譯器遇到了無法找到所需內(nèi)容的問題。

這就是無限循環(huán)的原因。”

Solana 工程師很快發(fā)現(xiàn)并修復(fù)了問題，更新了系統(tǒng)進程，并識別了這些舊程序以防止未來的重新編譯周期。

該解決方案需要減少麻煩的遺留加載程序的部署，以確保可以準(zhǔn)確有效地訪問所有程序指令，而不會陷入重新編譯陷阱。

最新：ZK 證明給開發(fā)人員帶來了安全挑戰(zhàn)

Some critics have said that a significant factor contributing to Solana’s outages is the lack of client diversity, leading to potential central points of failure. Kadan Stadelmann, chief technology officer of open source decentralized exchange platform Komodo, told Cointelegraph that Solana’s developers and validators prioritize shipping code fast over maintaining perfect network uptime, adding:

“The key reason is centralization and lack of validator client options. Solana’s ambition for high throughput and low transaction times puts immense pressure on its infrastructure, making it susceptible to performance degradation and outages.”

However, Federa suggests Solana possesses much more accurate architecture and explains that only two smart contract networks worldwide have independent validator clients: Ethereum and Solana. Currently, Solana has one major validator client built on one functional codebase.

“Solana has never had an outage due to a fault in consensus or something along those lines. The problems have always been implementation details. It’s always been that there’s been a bug somewhere in the implementation layer, which is not better or worse. It’s just an important kind of accuracy,” Austin explained.

The Solana mainnet “beta” saga

The Solana blockchain was launched in March 2020, and over the next four years, the network has made significant strides in the decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem. Solana ranks as the fifth-largest DeFi chain in total value locked, with over $1.7 billion in capital allocated to different on-chain protocols. Its native Solana (SOL) token has a market valuation of around $49 billion, making it the fifth-largest cryptocurrency.

Despite a magnificent track record, Solana has never officially come out of its beta phase. The blockchain is still referred to as being in mainnet beta. Beta is a term that refers to nearly finished software that a select group of users is testing before an official launch.

However, the Solana blockchain is open to everyone, with hundreds of decentralized applications utilized to launch various products. The blockchain ecosystem also boasts a vibrant nonfungible token (NFT) ecosystem.

Solana underwent brief private and public beta testing before releasing v1.0 four years ago, and today, the network processes more transactions than most other chains.

Even though the code is still changing, Solana is much beyond what can be considered beta software. The persistent misperception results from a mix-up between pre-launch testing and post-launch software maturity and misconceptions around Solana’s messaging.

Recent: How can crypto firms bridge the gap with traditional finance?

The beta status has attracted much criticism of the blockchain, especially in light of its outages over the past two years. Crypto users on social media have often mocked that Solana’s status as a mainstream blockchain often changes to mainnet beta and back, depending on whether the chain is down.

索拉納就是個笑話。

時期。

過去幾個月有多少次停車？

“這是測試版”不再是借口。

$SOL #Solana pic.twitter.com/IjvRaM58dZ

— 大衛(wèi)·米勒 ? (@CryptoDavid_) 2022 年 5 月 1 日

Federa 聲稱大多數(shù)區(qū)塊鏈系統(tǒng)目前都處于測試階段，只有比特幣和以太坊可能是完整的主網(wǎng)，并解釋道：

“軟件系統(tǒng)需要很長時間才能穩(wěn)定并實現(xiàn)功能完整，因為重要的新功能仍在 Solana 網(wǎng)絡(luò)上發(fā)布。

我認為我們可能已經(jīng)接近測試階段的結(jié)束。

從技術(shù)角度來看，重要的里程碑之一將是推出第二個獨立驗證器客戶端。”

許多 DeFi 支持者認為，Solana 的停機無疑是其成為以太坊競爭對手的障礙。

盡管如此，開發(fā)人員仍在努力確保導(dǎo)致過去停機的錯誤不會影響未來的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

盡管其停機歷史悠久，但其高速度和低成本在吸引新項目到該平臺方面發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用。

熱點：BETA 客戶 維維安