FA哈耶克的遠(yuǎn)見：想象比特幣通過“狡猾、迂回的方式”勢(shì)不可擋的崛起

近年來，圍繞著名建筑師和系統(tǒng)理論家巴克敏斯特·富勒的富有遠(yuǎn)見的預(yù)測(cè)的討論蓬勃發(fā)展，據(jù)說他預(yù)見到了類似于比特幣的概念。同樣，工業(yè)巨頭亨利·福特因設(shè)想出一種具有停止戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)潛力的新型能源貨幣而受到贊譽(yù)。此外，自由市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的杰出人物、諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者弗里德里希·哈耶克被認(rèn)為預(yù)言了類似比特幣的系統(tǒng)。參考資料通常包括 1984 年的一段視頻，其中哈耶克推測(cè)未來會(huì)利用“狡猾、迂回的方式”開始“在某件事上開戶”。

哈耶克認(rèn)為政府控制抑制了貨幣創(chuàng)新

弗里德里希·奧古斯特·馮·哈耶克（Friedrich August von Hayek），通常被稱為 FA Hayek（1899-1992），是一位有影響力的自由市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家。在路德維希·馮·米塞斯的指導(dǎo)下，哈耶克成為米塞斯在維也納舉辦的私人研討會(huì)上的敏銳思想家之一，在米塞斯的專家指導(dǎo)下與他的大學(xué)同行進(jìn)行了深入的交流。 1974年10月9日，他對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)科學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)被授予諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)紀(jì)念獎(jiǎng)。

另一位杰出的奧地利經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家米爾頓·弗里德曼（Milton Friedman）因預(yù)見到類似比特幣的系統(tǒng)而受到廣泛認(rèn)可，而哈耶克也因暗示類似于中本聰革命性數(shù)字貨幣的概念而受到廣泛認(rèn)可。 1984 年的一段視頻捕捉到了一個(gè)值得注意的時(shí)刻，哈耶克在視頻中深入研究了法律、語(yǔ)言和貨幣的演變。他評(píng)論道：“幸運(yùn)的是，現(xiàn)在法律和語(yǔ)言已經(jīng)得到了發(fā)展。貨幣以其最初的形式出現(xiàn)，但一旦以最原始的形式出現(xiàn)，它就被凍結(jié)了。”

哈耶克補(bǔ)充道：

錢幣經(jīng)過兩三百年后，各國(guó)政府都紛紛出手，停止了進(jìn)一步的開發(fā)。各國(guó)政府表示不能再進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。我們不被允許進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。金錢并沒有得到改善。隨著時(shí)間的推移，金錢變得越來越糟糕。

實(shí)現(xiàn)貨幣非國(guó)有化的狡猾而迂回的方式

The economist remarked that our experience with currency to date has involved governmental creations of money, which have been “mostly wrong” and “mostly abuses of money.” “I have come to the position of asking, has monetary policy ever done any good?” Hayek inquired. “I don’t think so,” he said. Hayek was adamant that it has merely caused “harm,” and he advocated for what he termed the “denationalization of money.”

Upon being questioned by the interviewer on how the system he imagined would function, or whether a private entity such as Chase could circulate its own currency, Hayek offered a simple smile in response. He then said, “While the governments can stop people from issuing money, they can hardly stop them from opening accounts into something. After all, in a modern world hand to hand money, coins, and paper are no longer the most important,” Hayek explained.

The economist continued:

Credits and credit cards are substitutes. So I think we can forget about existing money and existing banks. And open a system of accounts which would displace money … I don’t believe that we shall ever have good money again before we take the thing out of the hands of the government. We can’t take them violently out of the hands of the government, [then] all we can do is by some sly, roundabout way [and] introduce something they can’t stop.

Hayek penned a seminal work titled “The Denationalisation of Money” in 1976, followed by an updated edition in 1978, “Denationalisation of Money: The Argument Refined.” Within these pages, Hayek advocates for dismantling the government’s sole authority to mint currency. He champions the full privatization of the monetary system, asserting that the fabrication, allocation, and oversight of currency should entirely reside within the domain of the free market. This laissez-faire approach, the famed economist posits, would pave the way for monetary innovations.

Following Hayek’s death, several initiatives emerged in the United States aiming to privatize currency, yet they encountered governmental opposition. For example, in 1998, Bernard von NotHaus introduced The Liberty Dollar, a private currency backed by precise amounts of precious metals. By 2007, the U.S. government had seized the company’s bank accounts, closed its website, and levied numerous charges against its founder. Similarly, E-gold faced a shutdown in 2007 after offering a digital currency exchangeable for gold.

美國(guó)政府聲稱電子黃金計(jì)劃助長(zhǎng)了洗錢活動(dòng)。相比之下，比特幣在兩年后出現(xiàn)，恰逢大衰退的開始。與電子黃金和自由美元不同，比特幣的獨(dú)特之處在于其運(yùn)行無需集中管理。神秘的創(chuàng)造者中本聰（Satoshi Nakamoto）推出了一個(gè)類似于哈耶克設(shè)想的系統(tǒng)，使人們能夠“開設(shè)一個(gè)可以取代金錢的賬戶系統(tǒng)”。比特幣的誕生遠(yuǎn)非傳統(tǒng)，它體現(xiàn)了一種“狡猾、迂回的方式”來引入不可阻擋的創(chuàng)新。

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